不同密氮模式下高产玉米品种籽粒产量与氮素利用特性研究

Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Characteristics of High-yield Maize Cultivars under Different Density and Nitrogen Regimes

为给玉米高产高效栽培提供科学依据,在大田试验条件下,选用郑单958和先玉335为材料,在每个品种下设置2个种植密度(6.75,8.25万株/hm^2)和4个施氮水平(0,180,240,300 kg/hm^2),研究了种植密度和施氮水平下2个高产玉米品种籽粒产量和氮素吸收利用特性。结果表明:在相同密度水平下,2个玉米品种籽粒产量、氮素积累量和蛋白质产量均随施氮量增加总体呈现增加趋势,氮素利用效率则降低;在相同施氮水平下,2个玉米品种籽粒产量、氮素积累量和蛋白质产量均随密度的增加总体呈现增加趋势,氮素利用效率则降低。在不同密氮组合下,先玉335的籽粒产量、氮素积累量、蛋白质产量及氮素利用效率均高于郑单958。本研究条件下,2个玉米品种在密度为8.25万株/hm^2,施氮量为240 kg/hm^2组合下,均可以同步协调实现籽粒产量、蛋白质产量和氮素利用效率的协调统一。

Excessive nitrogen （N） fertilizer application and planting density,outdated fertilization techniques,and non-optimal planting patterns are current cultivation problems with summer maize among smallholders in North China. The objective of this study was to study the effects of planting density and N fertilizer on yield,nitrogen use characteristics and protein yield of summer maize cultivars in North China. Under field experiment,using two high-yield maize cultivars,ZD 958 and XY 335. Planting density were 6.75×10^4 and 8.25×10^4 plants per hectare,and four nitrogen application rates were arranged with 0,180,240,300 kg/ha. The results showed that under the same planting density,with the increase of N application rate,grain yield,N accumulation and protein yield were overall showed a trend of increase in two maize cultivars,while N use efficiency were decreased. Under the same N level,with the increase of planting density,grain yield,N accumulation and protein yield were overall showed a trend of increase in two maize cultivars,while N use efficiency was decreased. Under different planting density and N fertilizer rate,grain yield,N accumulation,protein yield and N use efficiency of XY 335 was higher than that of ZD 958. These results indicated that planting density was 8.25×10^4 per plants hectare,N application rate was 240 kg/ha,two maize varieties had higher grain yield,N efficiency and protein yield,to obtain coordination of high yield,protein yield and N use efficiency.