孕中晚期妇女体成分变化及与孕前体重的关系

The change of body composition among middle and late pregnant women and the relationship with pre-pregnant weight

目的了解孕中晚期妇女体重及体成分变化的趋势及与孕前体重的关系,为合理管理孕前体重提供依据。方法随访某三甲医院建档产检并分娩的孕期女性123例,分别测量并记录孕16、24、32、36周体重及体成分;根据孕前BMI分为孕前消瘦、超重及正常组。结果孕32、36周体重及各项体成分指标与孕16、24周体重及各项体成分指标比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);孕16~24周间体重、体脂、体脂百分比增加最快,分别为0.62 kg/W、0.39 kg/W、0.34%/W;去脂体重于孕32~36周间增加最多(平均每周0.38 kg,P<0.05)。孕前消瘦组孕期总增重(16.17±4.63)kg,正常组(15.47±4.06)kg,超重组(11.15±7.95)kg,3组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且每周体脂及体脂百分比增幅差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中,孕前消瘦、超重组每周体脂增幅随孕周增加而减少,正常组随孕周变化不大,3组体脂百分比均随孕周增加而增幅减少。结论孕妇体重、体脂于孕中期增长较快,孕晚期趋缓,而去脂体重则与体脂趋势相反。不同孕前BMI孕妇孕中晚期体重增长不同,其差异主要在于体脂。因此,孕期进行体成分监测能更好地为孕妇体重管理提供理论依据。

Objective To investigate the changes of body weight and body composition of middle and late pregnant women, and the relationship with pre-pregnancy weight, in order to provide scientific basis for scientific management of pre-pregnancy weight. Methods In a top three hospital, 123 pregnant women who filing, antenatal care and delivery were selected and follow-up, the result of body weight and body composition were measured and recorded at 16, 24, 32 and 36 weeks. The pregnant women were divided into pre-pregnancy weight loss, overweight and normal group according to the pre-pregnancy BMI. Results Tbe differences of body weight and body composition index in 32, 36 weeks and 16, 24 weeks were statistically significant （P 〈 0.05 ） ; between 16 to 24 gestational weeks, pregnant＇ body weight, body fat and body fat percentage increased quickly, with 0. 62kg/W, 0. 39kg/W, 0. 34%/W respectively; lean body weight in 32-36 weeks increased the largest （the average weekly 0.38 kg, P 〈 0.05 ）. During the total pregnancy, pre-pregnancy weight loss group increased （16.17±4.63 ）kg, pre-pregnancy normal group increased （15.47 ±4.06）kg, and pre-pregnancy overweight group increased （11.15 ± 7.95 ）kg, the difference was statistically significant among the three groups （ P 〈 0.05 ） ; and the difference of body fat and body fat percentage increase in each week were statistically significant （ P 〈 0.05 ） ; along with the increase of pregnant week, the body fat of each week decreased in pre-pregnancy weight loss group and pre-pregnancy overweight group, and the change in normal was little, and the body fat percentage in the three groups decreased. Conclusion The weight and body fat of pregnant women increased rapidly in middle gestational period, and slowed down in later gestational period, and lean body weight showed the opposite trend. Pregnant women with different BMI in pre-pregnancy gained different weight increase in middle and later gestational period, the main difference lies in the body fat. Therefore, the monitoring of body composition during pregnancy can provide a theoretical basis for pregnant women＇ s weight management.