基于实车试验的高速列车隧道压力波影响因素

Influential factors of tunnel pressure wave on high-speed train by real vehicle test

搭建列车空气动力学在线实车高精测试平台,对列车通过隧道及隧道交会工况下的压力波特性进行实车测试;探究运行速度、隧道长度、阻塞比、编组长度、交会位置等因素对隧道压力波的影响规律;根据隧道内压缩波、膨胀波在隧道内传播、反射、叠加的原理,推导出隧道通过及隧道交会工况下,最不利单线隧道长度、最不利双线隧道长度、最不利交会位置、最不利编组长度等计算公式。研究结果表明:车体表面压力变化幅值与列车速度的平方成正比;车内压力幅值与列车速度的n次方成正比,n的范围为1.3~1.8,n随着隧道长度的变化而变化;研究结果可为高速列车在隧道内运行时的安全性指标提供了压力波评判依据。

A real train online high-precision test platform for the train aerodynamics was built and real train tests on pressure waves generated by a train passing through a tunnel and by two trains meeting in the tunnel were performed. The influence of the running speed, tunnel length, blockage ratio, train marshalling, meeting location and other factors on the tunnel pressure wave was explored. According to the compression wave inside the tunnel, the expansion wave propagation in tunnel, reflection, the principle of superposition, formulas to calculate the most unfavorable single-track and double-track tunnel length, the most unfavorable meeting locations, the most unfavorable train marshalling length etc., were derived. The results show that the car body surface pressure amplitude is proportional to the square of the train speed. Interior pressure amplitude and train speed are in the direct ratio of n, and n is the range of 1.3-1.8, and n varies as the tunnel length. It provides a guidance to calculate and assess of the high-speed train tunnel pressure waves. The research results can provide the pressure wave evaluation basis for the safety of high-speed train running in the tunnel.