以Cone为例看多义词语义网络

Cone and Its Semantic Network

多义词一直处于词汇语义研究的中心地位。原则性多义分析法是目前认知语言学最具解释力的多义研究模式。形状名词cone的词典释义相对简单,但实际使用中,语义层出不穷。我们以cone的语义为研究对象,采用原则性多义分析法,建构其语义网络,通过分析义项的语义距离、语义关系、语义延伸,探讨了原则性多义分析法的利弊。语义网络分析法产生的是一维语义原型图,没能采用多变量统计模式来捕捉语义关系的复杂性,没有建构基于使用频率的复杂的语义关系多维度网络。语义网络对语义理论和语义应用意义重大,诸如词典编纂和翻译。

Polysemy has been central to the work on lexical semantics. Principled polysemy approach has been the most explanatory model of polysemy. Cone,a noun of form,has simple entries in dictionary,but various semantic meanings in use. This paper takes the semantic meanings of cone as the research object,adopts the principled polysemy approach to construct its semantic network,analyzes the semantic distance,semantic relation,as well as sense extension,and eventually has a further discussion on the pros and cons of the principled polysemy approach. The semantic network analysis produces prototype maps of meaning upon one semantic dimension. It neither adopts multivariate statistic model to capture the complexity of semantic relation,nor produces a frequency-based and complex multidimensional network of sense relations. It is of great significance both in semantic theory and semantic applications,such as lexicography or translation.