论恩格斯科学无神论思想及其当代启示

A Study of Engels's Scientific Atheism Thought and Its Contemporary Inspiration

恩格斯科学无神论是19世纪上半叶产生的科学形态的宗教观,其生成和确立过程交织着恩格斯对以往宗教信仰和各种宗教理论的检视性反思。恩格斯科学无神论阐明宗教现象和宗教问题的派生本质即支配着人们日常生活的外部力量在人们头脑中的幻想的反映;确立科学与宗教之间的对立关系,在科学和无神论的一致性上对宗教神秘主义和"唯灵论"进行批判;厘清共产主义与宗教原则区别,为科学社会主义提供了无神论的论证。恩格斯对马克思主义科学无神论的完善发展做出了突出的理论贡献,即对马克思主义科学无神论进行科学化的表述;从不同角度阐明了宗教的演化规律,首次对宗教发展进行细致划分,将马克思主义科学无神论研究引向深入;在宗教与社会主义关系上丰富和发展了马克思主义科学无神论。恩格斯科学无神论对我们今天坚持和发展中国特色社会主义具有重要启示。

Engels' s scientific atheism is the scientific view of religion in the first half of the nineteenth century. The process of its formation and establishment is interwoven with Engels' s reflections of previous religious beliefs and various religious theories. Engels' s scientific atheism illustrates religious phenomena and its derived essence which is the reflection of the external forces that govern the daily life of people in their minds. It also establishes the adversarial relationship between science and religion, criticizes religious mysticism and the theory of spiritualism based on the consistency between science and atheism,clarifies the difference between communism and religious principles and gives the demonstration of atheism for scientific socialism. Engels makes outstanding contributions to the development of the scientific atheism of Marx and advocates Marx's scientific atheism in a scientific way. Engels expounds the evolution of religion from different angles,makes the detailed division of religious development available for the first time, deepens the study of Marxism scientific atheism and enriches Marx's scientific atheism in the relationship between religion and socialism. Therefore,Engels' scientific atheism is of great importance for China to uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics today.