哈茨木霉TRI-5腐解油菜菌核及其施用方法

Efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum TRI-5 in decomposition of sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and application method

油菜机械收获后菌核病菌(核盘菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)的菌核会随着秸秆一起还田,给下茬油菜生长带来潜在危害。为降低菌核病发病率,研制哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum TRI-5)可溶性粉剂,在油菜收获后立即喷施该粉剂。在实验室条件下,60h后TRI-5在菌核外表和内部均能生长良好,扫描电子显微镜结果显示,菌核的组织结构被彻底损坏。田间小区试验结果表明,喷施TRI-5可溶性粉剂30d后,与基质对照相比,核盘菌菌核萌发率下降22.06%,秸秆腐解率提高12.54个百分点,差异显著(P<0.05);在水稻产量上,与基质对照相比,施用TRI-5可溶性粉剂提高水稻产量1.72%,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。因此认为,哈茨木霉可溶性粉剂对油菜田间菌核病发生有生防效果。

Rapeseed combine harvesting was accompanied by sclerotia（Sclerotinia sclerotiorum） remnant in field,which might lead to more serious Sclerotinia stem rot on rapeseed of the next year. To prevent the infection,mycoparasite and cellulose decomposer fungi Trichoderma harzianum strain TRI-5 was used to control the disease.Dissolved powder of TRI-5 was sprayed to stalks immediately after rapeseed was harvested. Under laboratory condition,TRI-5 grew well on sclerotia at 60 h after the spore solution spray. The result of scanning electron microscopy showed that sclerotia tissue structure was broken thoroughly. Under field plot experiment,results showed that30 d after the spore solution spray,sclerotia germination rate was 22. 06% lower,while rapeseed stalks decomposition rate increased 12. 54 percentage points（P〈0. 05）. In rice yield,it led to 1. 72% increase of rice yield（not significant,P〈0. 05）. It suggested the efficacy of T. harzianum spore solution on Sclerotinia stem rot biocontrol.