汉代“嫘祖”的历史记忆与文化影响

The Historical Memory and Cultural Influence of "Leizu" in Han Dynasty

据《史记》卷一《五帝本纪》记载:"嫘祖为黄帝正妃。"司马迁以"太史公曰"的形式,言"百家言黄帝,其文不雅驯,荐绅先生难言之",称"择其言尤雅者"为其著说,即以"雅""雅驯"为标尺进行了文献选择,保留了值得肯定的历史记忆。其中有"嫘祖"事迹。"嫘"的文字学分析,由"细丝曰糸"可以进行蚕桑业发明权的回顾。《礼记》关于"先蚕"纪念的礼俗,体现当时对这种产业开创功绩的崇敬。现在看来,黄帝"淳化""虫蛾"成就作为帝业基础,有嫘祖之功的因素。而"嫘祖好远游""因以为行神"的传说,暗示嫘祖的社会贡献还包括丝绸生产成品的流通以及丝绸制作技术的传播。考察与"嫘祖"相关的传说,有益于对于早期生产史织作技术的认识的深入,也有益于明确丝绸之路交通的最初的源头。这一主题的学术考察或许可以充实有关上古纺织史的知识。而蚕丝业早期进程及其历史意义,也可以因此有所说明。

In The Records of Five Emperors （Book One） of Shih Chi, Leizu was the imperial concu-bine of Yellow Emperor. Sima Qian took ＂elegant instruction＂ as the dimension to select literature and re-served significant historical facts, including the deeds of Leizu. The etiquette in commemoration of ＂xian can＂ in The Book of Rites reflects the great reverence for the pioneering achievements in the natural silk industry. From the present perspective, Leizu＇s achievements contributed to the imperial base of Yellow Emperor. Her social achievements include the circulation of silk product and the spread of silk manufactur-ing technology. An investigation into the legend related to Leizu is helpful for a deep understanding of early silk weaving technology and a determination of the source of silk road communication. And this sci-entific research would enrich the knowledge of spinning in remote ages and explain the early process and historical significance of natural silk industry.