炭基有机肥对小麦产量及麦季农田温室气体排放的影响

Effects of an Organic Fertilizer Composted with Biochar on Wheat Yield and Greenhouse Gas Emission During Wheat-growing Season in a Rice-wheat Double Cropping System

为减少生物质炭在农田应用的农事操作工序,探讨生物质炭与畜禽粪便混合堆肥产品——炭基有机肥对小麦产量及麦季农田温室气体排放的影响,试验以施用炭基有机肥为处理,以施用商品有机肥与不施有机肥为对照,共计3个处理,探讨了炭基有机肥对小麦产量、甲烷(CH_4)与氧化亚氮(N_2O)排放通量及单位产量的全球增温潜势(GWP)的影响。结果表明:炭基有机肥有促进小麦产量提高的趋势,但与商品有机肥、不施有机肥相对而言,产量差异未达显著水平;炭基有机肥处理的小麦千粒质量显著大于商品有机肥及不施有机肥处理;增施有机肥处理的麦田土壤甲烷排放总量低于不施有机肥处理,而氧化亚氮的排放总量则高于不施有机肥处理;与商品有机肥相比,施用炭基有机肥处理的全球增温潜势降低了36.48%、单位产量的GWP下降了37.3%,但不同处理之间差异均未达显著水平。

This study aimed to simplify the operating procedure of biochar application in the agricultural field,and to evaluate the effect of a biochar-based organic fertilizer on wheat yield and the greenhouse gas emission of the wheat field in the wheat growing season.To achieve these objectives,a field experiment was conducted,consisting of a treatment with a biochar-based organic fertilizer,a control treatment with a commercial organic fertilizer,and a control treatment without organic fertilizer.The effects of the biochar-based organic manure on wheat yield and yield composition,methane flux,nitrous oxide（N_2O） flux,and GWP per unit yield were determined.The results showed that the carbon base fertilizer produced the effect of increasing wheat yield,but the differences in yield between the carbon base fertilizer treatment and the controls were not significant.The treatment with biochar-based organic fertilizer attained significantly larger 1 000-grains weight than the treatment with the commercial organic fertilizer and the treatment without organic fertilizer.Relative to the control without organic fertilizer,application of an organic fertilizer resulted in a decrease in CH_4 emission,but an increase in the total amount of N_2O emission;however,the differences in the two parameters were not significant between treatments.Compared to the treatment with the commercial organic fertilizer,the treatment with the biochar-based organic fertilizer led to reductions in the global warming potential by 36.48% and in the yield of GWP per unit by 37.3%;however,the differences between the two treatments were not significant.