19世纪中后期海外华人的“被印象”分析——以新西兰华人华侨为中心

Analysis of the Stereotype given to Overseas Chinese in middle and later Period of 19th Century:Concentrating on the Overseas Chinese in New Zealand

19世纪中后期,环太平洋地区多国发现了金矿,引发了世界性淘金狂潮,也吸引中国东南沿海地区大量华工远赴海外,形成了近代华人第一次海外移民的高潮。但这些只梦想挣钱后叶落归根、不愿意同化的"过客华人"在海外倍受排斥和歧视,引发了世界性的严密苛刻的"排华活动"。究其原因,与华侨在这些国家因政治经济宗教文化等认知和差异形成的"被形象"密切相关,而且这些"被印象"在世界各国具有高度的相似性。本文以新西兰华人华侨为讨论中心,从自由权、宗教信仰、种族排斥、经济竞争、道德歧视、文化差异、自身恶习等七个方面分析华人华侨被排斥的原因。

Gold was discovered in some countries around the Pacific Rim in the mid - 19th century, which triggered a worldwide gold rush and also attracted a large number of overseas Chinese laborers who lived in southeast coastal areas of China, thus formed the first climax of overseas Chinese immigration. These Chi- nese laborers, who were unwilling to assimilate and only wanted to return their native land after making mon- ey, had been rejected and discriminated by their host countries. The reason is closely related to the ＂image＂ of overseas Chinese that are stereotypes given to them because of different perception of politics, economy, religion and culture. The stereotypes are nearly the same in those relevant countries who received Chinese immigrants. Focusing on Chinese in New Zealand, the author analyzes the reasons why the overseas Chinese were excluded from seven aspects, namely right of freedom, religious belief, racial exclusion, economic competition, moral discrimination, cultural difference and the bad habits of overseas Chinese themselves.