马克思主义政治经济学视角下两种数字货币的本质及发展趋势

A Study on the Nature and Development Trend of Two Kinds of Digital Currency from the Perspective of Marxist Political Economy

随着信息技术的发展,以比特币为代表的数字货币引起热议。关于数字货币的争论主要集中在两方面:一是数字货币到底是不是货币;二是数字货币的未来发展趋势如何。这里涉及两种数字货币,即自发的数字货币和法定的数字货币。从马克思主义政治经济学视角看,前者本身没有价值,只能通过现实货币这一桥梁来表现和衡量其他一切商品的价值,间接充当一般等价物;后者以国家信用为基础,由中央银行发行和调控,只是货币的数字化发展。尽管数字货币的推广和使用已成必然趋势,但两种数字货币的发展均受合法性、社会认可度等因素的影响,而不同国家对两种数字货币的态度和技术水平及其普及度,则给两种数字货币的发展带来诸多不确定性。

With the development of information technology, the digital currency like Bitcoin aroused hot dis- cussions. The debate about the digital currency is mainly focused on two aspects： one is whether the digital the latter which is on the basis of national credit, issued and regulated by the central bank, is just the digital development of money. Although the promotion and use of digital money has become an inevitable trend, the development of both kinds of digital money are subject to legality, social recognition and other factors. Fur- thermore, the attitudes of different countries, technical level and popularity bring uncertainty to the develop- ment of these two kinds of digital currency.