内在体系外显与民法典体系融贯性的实现 对《民法总则》基本原则规定的评论

Exteriorising the Interior System and Realising the Systematic Coherence of the Civil Code Comments on the Basic Principles of General Provisions of Civil Law

从比较法上观察,在民法典总则中列举基本原则并不是一种常态。我国《民法总则》对基本原则的列举更多地是对社会主义国家立法传统的延续。尽管立法者可能没有明确的意识,但是这种立法例和内在体系的外显、体系融贯性的要求存在紧密的关联。上述两种理论的出现时间有先后的差异,理论基础也有区别,但是共同的目标均是对概念法学僵硬性的克服,从而为法官解决疑难案件提供更多的价值指引。在《民法总则》中列举基本原则只是内在体系外显和体系融贯性追求的第一步,更加重要的工作是对这些原则相互之间的关系、价值排序、可能的动态体系化进行深入的研究。在随后的民法典编纂过程中应尽可能地将基本原则的价值理念在具体规则中体现出来,这是实现法典体系融贯性的关键。

It is not a common practice for legislature to list basic principles in the General Part of the Civil Code from the perspective of comparative law. The counter--example in the General Provisions of the Civil Law of our jurisdiction is more of a continuance of the legislative traditions in socialist states. Al- though the legislature might have not had clear awareness, such way of legislation is also highly relevant to the exteriorisation of the interior system and the coherence of the system. Despite the differences be- tween the aforementioned two theories in terms of their emergence time and their theoretical foundation, they nevertheless have one thing in common. That is the common purpose of overcoming the rigidness of the Pandectist School, and thereby providing more normative guidance for judges in deciding hard cases. One more important task is to carry out deep research with regard to the relation, the normative hierar- chy, and the possibility of having a dynamic system among these principles. Another key issue in the upcoming stages of codification is to clarify the underlying normative ideas embodied in these principles by concrete rules, in order to realise the systematic coherence of the Civil Code.