诉讼时效制度的价值基础与规范表达《民法总则》第九章评释

The Value of the Statute of Limitation of Action and Its Legal Regulations Analysis on Chapter 9 of General Provisions of Civil Law of the People?sRepublic of China

本文通过分析我国《民法总则》诉讼时效制度的价值理由和相应的法律规范,评估《民法总则》第九章的立法技术。我国诉讼时效制度具有督促权利人行使权利、保护债务人免于举证困难、避免无益的诉讼和节约司法成本的价值基础。首先,诉讼时效的期间和起算,兼顾权利人的保护与债务人的举证困难。其次,基于不同基础关系而发生的请求权,值得保护的程度不尽相同,在诉讼时效方面应体现其差异。再次,诉讼时效障碍事由及其后果,反映法律对于权利人与义务人之间在时效利益方面的分配状况。我国现行法对于诉讼时效障碍事由的认定宽松。最后,诉讼时效届满后的法律效果采"抗辩权发生说",体现权利人与义务人之间的利益动态平衡。

This article, based on the analysis of value basis and the respondent legal rules of limitation of action in General Part of the Civil Code of the PRC, evaluates the legislative techniques of Chapter 9 of General Part of Civil Code. The system of limitation of action has the value basis to urge the obligee to exercise their rights, protect the debtor from quote difficultly, avoid excessive litigation and save the cost of justice. Firstly, the duration and commencement of limitation of action, take into account both the pro- tection of obligee and quote difficulty of debtor. Secondly, the degree of protection of different claims, which based on different basic relations, is not the same. So the limitation of action should reflect the differences. Thirdly, the obstacle for limitation of action and its consequence should reflect the distribution situation between obligee and debtor. Finally, the legal effect of expiration of limitation takes the theory of ＇occur of the right to refuse＇, which embodies the dynamic benefit balance between obligee and obligor.