从自由想象到自由想象变更——胡塞尔晚期本质直观理论的发展

From Free Phantasy to Free Variations of Phantasies:The Development of Intuition of Essence Theory in Husserl's Late Philosophy

胡塞尔晚期的本质直观理论是建立在发生现象学背景下,以对联想与被动综合的研究为基础而完成的。通过这些具体的工作,胡塞尔不仅延续早期的观点,坚持作为本质直观基础的个体直观必须挣脱经验现实的束缚,并且进一步澄清个体直观之间的相互关系也是非经验性的,更重要的是,胡塞尔还指出本质直观的变更法意味着一系列自由想象之间存在某种必然性法则。通过对早期内时间意识现象学的完善尤其是对时间内容中联想的"唤醒"机制的阐述,胡塞尔让我们看到自由想象不仅是自由的,也是具有统一性的,这个统一性以被动综合为前提。而这种与经验事实无关的统一性正对应着变更中的不变者,本质艾多斯。

Husserl＇s late theory of intuition of essence is built in the context of genetic phenomenology, based on the research of association and passive synthesis. Husserl not only develops his early thought that intuition of individuals, as the foundation of intuition of essence, should be free from empirical reality, but also clarifies that the relationship between them is non-empirical. More importantly, the theory of free variations believe that a series of free phantasies are connected by certain necessity laws. By the perfection of his early internal time consciousness phenomenology, especially the clarification of ＂awakening＂ mechanism, Husserl proves that free phantasies are free and at the same time unified. And that non-empirical unity, which is advanced by passive synthesis, is related with essence as the invariant of variations.