中国省区市场开放、地方政府投资与制造业结构差异

Provincial Market Opening,Local Government Investment and Manufacturing Structure Differences in China

制造业结构趋同降低了资源配置效率,是长时期困扰中国从"制造业大国"走向"制造业强国"的难题。文章利用2000-2014年中国30个省级地区制造业面板数据,从制造业结构差异角度,实证分析了资源优化配置中市场机制与政府干预的博弈。全样本估计结果显示,国际市场开放与制造业结构差异之间存在U形关系,国际市场开放水平达到一定临界值以后,有利于制造业结构差异;国内市场开放优化了资源配置,与制造业结构差异之间呈显著正向关系;相反,地方政府投资扭曲了资源配置,阻碍了制造业结构差异。分地区估计结果显示,国内市场开放对东、中、西部地区制造业结构差异均起到了重要的推动作用,表现出较强的稳健性;而国际市场开放和地方政府投资的影响效应却呈现鲜明的空间差异。促进制造业结构差异化,东部地区市场力量明显优于政府力量,西部地区政府政策依赖性更加突出。深入而言,中国省区市场开放与地方政府投资的互动中,两者呈相悖效果,省区市场开放促进制造业结构差异的效力被地方政府投资不断地削弱。

The convergence of manufacturing structure reduces the efficiency of resource allocation,which is a conundrum that has plagued China from ＂a big manufacturing country＂to＂a manufacturing power＂for a long time.Using the panel data of manufacturing in 30 provinces and cities in China from 2000 to 2014,this paper empirically examines the game between market mechanism and government intervention in the optimal allocation of resources from the perspective of manufacturing structure differences.For the results of the entire sample,there is a U-shaped relationship between the opening of the international market and manufacturing structure differences,and after the opening of international market reaches a certain critical value,it will be conducive to manufacturing structure differences;domestic market opening optimizes the allocation of resources,showing a significantly positive relationship with manufacturing structure differences.On the contrary,local government investment has distorted the allocation of resources and has hindered manufacturing structure differences.The results of sub-regional estimation show that the opening of the domestic market has played an important role in promoting manufacturing structure differences in the eastern,central and western regions,showing the strong robustness,while the influences of international market opening and local government investment have distinct space differences.The market force in the eastern region shows greater effect than the government power on promoting manufacturing structure differences,and the government policy dependence in western region is more prominent.Further study finds that the role of the opening of the provincial market in promoting manufacturing structure differences has been undermined by local government investment because in the interaction between the opening of the provincial market and local government investment,both of they are mutually constrained.