基于非期望产出的城市发展效率时空差异探讨——以中国东部沿海地区城市为例

Spatial and Temporal Disparities of Urban Development Efficiency of Coastal Cities in China Based on Undesirable Outputs

基于非期望产出视角,采用SBM模型测度2005~2014年中国东部沿海地区53个城市(不包括港、澳、台、三沙市)的城市发展效率,并分析其时空差异特征及其影响因素。结果表明:(1)考虑非期望产出的城市发展效率值低于不考虑非期望产出的城市发展效率值,并且更符合城市实际发展;(2)中国东部沿海地区城市发展效率整体水平不高,波动幅度大,阶段特征明显,整体呈先上升后下降的趋势;(3)在时空分析特征中,城市发展效率的区域差异明显,近2 a有缩小的趋势;整体城市发展效率空间呈现"北部围绕青岛市,中部围绕上海市,南部围绕深圳市"的发展格局;(4)在影响因素分析中,经济规模对城市发展效率产生正向影响,第二产业结构水平和污染处理能力对城市发展效率产生负向影响,传统的加工制造业、高耗能重污染工业和污染处理不到位是导致城市发展效率降低的主要原因。

We can grasp the distribution of resources, utilization efficiency and propulsion paths in the process of urbanization in China＇ s coastal areas by measuring the urban development efficiency, which can provide references for policy and experience for sustainable development. This article is based on the viewpoint of undesirable output, measuring the urban development efficiency of 53 coastal cities in China （excluding Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and Sansha） during 2005 to 2014 with the SBM model, and analyzing its spatial-temporal disparities and affecting factors. The main results are summarized as follows： 1） The urban development efficiency value taking consideration of undesirable output is lower than the one without consideration of undesirable output, which turns out that undesirable output has a significant effect on urban development efficiency and the development efficiency value considered it matches the actual situation of urban development better. 2） The urban development efficiency of the coastal cities is not high on the whole, it fluctuates widely and has obvious characteristic of stages, which shows a trend of rising in the first and declining then as a whole. During 2005 to 2008, the percentage of the cities with highest development efficiency increased from 15.09% to 28.30%, and the percentage of the cities with medium efficiency increased from 7.55% to 28.3% ; While in 2011, the two percentages mentioned above declined to 18.87% and 22.64%, and in 2014, they went a step further in declining, there were only 9.43% of the cities with highest development efficiency and 11.32% with medium development efficiency. 3） The spatial disparity of urban development is significant though in a trend of shrinking recent two years, on the whole ,the urban development efficiency presents a development pattern of ＂ surrounding Qingdao in the north, surrounding Shanghai in the middle and surrounding Shenzhen in the south＂. Which means that Qingdao, Shanghai and Shenzhen has become the three poles in aspect of urban development efficiency. 4） The level of second industry structure and ability of pollution treatment have negative impacts on urban development efficiency, while the scale of economy has a positive impact on the efficiency of urban development. The main reasons leading to lower urban development efficiency contain traditional pro- cessing and manufacturing industry, high energy consumption, heavy pollution industry and inadequate pollu- tion treatment. Finally, the suggestions to improve urban development efficiency for coastal cities are as fol- low： In order to upgrade industries, the investment of human, capital and resources should be reasonable. We can not neglect the effect of undesirable output when measuring the urban development efficiency, and we should pay more attention to environment protection and pollution treatment.