1960～2010年黑龙江省土地利用变化对气温的影响

Effects of Land Use Change on Air Temperature of Heilongjiang Province in 1960-2010

基于黑龙江省1960~2010年的土地利用变化,采用自然正交分解(EOF)、气候倾向率及Observation Minus Reanalysis(OMR)等方法,分析了土地利用变化对黑龙江省气温的影响。研究发现:(1)1960~2010年黑龙江省耕地、建设用地、水域面积依次增加,沼泽、草地和林地依次减少。土地利用变化区域性较明显,沼泽转变为耕地集中在东部,草地转为耕地集中分布在黑龙江省西部,沼泽转为林地和林地转为耕地集中在北部,建设用地增加主要集中在南部;(2)黑龙江省1960~2010年土地利用变化对年平均气温及各个季节平均气温均产生升高效应,但并不显著,对年气温的影响趋势为0.053℃/10a,贡献率为12.1%;(3)1960~2010年土地利用变化产生气温空间变化异质性,但没有改变气温纬向性空间分布特征;(4)1960~2010年,林地和沼泽的气温影响效应为升温,草地和耕地为降温,但各个季节有所差异,夏季和秋季表现出降温效应,建设用地全年及各个季节均表现出升温效应,冬季最强;林地转耕地、草地转耕地均以升温效应为主,沼泽转耕地为降温效应。

The article used Empirical Orthogonal Function （EOF）, climate trend rate, OMR and other methods to analyze the impact of land use and land change on temperature in Heilongjiang Province from 1960 to 2010. Results showed that： 1） Arable land, construction land, and the water area of Heilongjiang Province were increased, and the swamp, grassland and forest land decreased in turn from 1960 to 2010. Regional land use change was dramatic. Marshes in the east, grasslands in the west, and woodlands and swamps in the north part of Heilongjiang Province were converted into arable land. Construction land increased mainly in the south of the province. 2） Land use change of Heilongjiang Province from 1960 to 2010 caused a rise in the annual average temperature and all season＇ s average temperature. However, the impact is not significant, since the impact on the annual temperature trend was 0.053℃/10a, and the contribution rate of 12.10%. 3） Land use change gen- erated spatial heterogeneity of temperature change, but did not change the temperature zonal spatial distribution. 4） Woodlands and marshes caused increasing temperature effects, while grasslands and farmlands caused decreasing temperature effects. However, each season is different. Summer and autumn showed cooling tem- peratures. Annual construction lands and all seasons showed warming temperatures with the highest value in winter. Forests converted into cropland and grassland showed warming temperature effect. Swamps converted to farmlands showed cooling temperature effect. Compared with existing research, the main contribution of this article is to highlight the corresponding relationship of land use and spatial temperature effect.