中国在全球价值链的地位、贸易收益与竞争力分析——基于增加值贸易核算方法

China's Position,Trade Revenue and Competitiveness in Global Value Chains:An Analysis Based on Trade in Value Added Accounting Framework

本文基于增加值贸易核算方法,利用1995~2011年WIOD数据库,测算了中国参与全球价值链的程度、所处地位和增值能力,并分析了中国在全球价值链中的贸易收益和竞争力。结果表明,中国在全球价值链分工中处于下游,"入世"的前几年由于加工贸易比重的提升,在全球价值链的地位下降了,而且增值能力也减弱了。随着企业竞争力的逐步增强,加工贸易的转型升级,中国后几年在全球价值链的地位和增值能力有所上升。随着参与全球价值链程度的深化,中国在全球价值链中的贸易收益持续提高。中国制造业在全球价值链中的竞争力强于服务业,而且所获得的贸易收益也高于服务业。

Based on the value added trade accounting method, this paper tries to employ 1995-2011 WIOD data to measure the degree of China＇ s participation in global value chains （GVCs） and to analyze its GVC position, valueadded competence, trade revenue and competitiveness. New indices of GVC position, GVC participation, GVC trade revenue are set up in this paper. The results show that China kept specializing in downstream activities. In the first few years after entering into the WTO, China＇s GVC position was getting lower and value-added competence getting weaker due to a greater share of processing trade. In recent years, China has seen an increase in GVC position and value-added competence. With deepening of its participation in GVCs, China has gained more trade revenue. The results also show that China has stronger competence in manufacturing sector compared with service sector, and has also gained more trade revenue from the manufacturing sector.