价值链分工背景下贸易不对称研究

Research on Trade Asymmetry Under the Background of Value Chain Labor Division

在当前国际贸易转型的关键时期和高效全球贸易治理需求日益紧迫的背景下,明晰价值链分工背景下的贸易不对称性是实现高效全球贸易治理、促进国际贸易可持续发展的必要条件。本文通过对全球188个国家和地区的研究,从增加值贸易视角对该问题进行了研究,结果显示贸易不对称主要表现在六方面:价值链贸易地区结构失衡且呈现出明显的区域内特征;贸易利益分配不均衡;发展中国家价值链参与度提高,但升级困难;各国相互依存性增强且不对称性突出;价值链贸易规则与发展中国家国内政策自主性冲突更突出;贸易治理权力分配失衡等。重构全球贸易治理制度,制定适应新分工模式的贸易规则,才能改变贸易利益分配失衡的局面,使更多落后国家分享到全球价值链带来的红利。

In the critical period when the international trade is experiencing a transformation and the need of efficient glob- al trade governance is increasingly urgent, clarifying the trade asymmetry under the background of global value chain labor is the prerequisite to achieve efficient global trade governance and promote the sustainable development of international trade. Through the study of 188 countries and regions around the world, this paper illustrates this issue from the perspective of value added trade. Results show that the trade asymmetry is manifested in six aspects： The value chain trade is imbalanced in regions and shows obvious intra-regional characteristics; the trade interests are unbalanced distributed; developing countries are increasing their value chain participation while the upgrading is still difficult; the interdependent relationships between countries are en- hanced but the asymmetry is prominent; the conflicts between value chain trade rules and domestic policy autonomy are more prominent in developing countries; the distribution of governance power is out of balance. Only by rebuilding the global trade gov- ernance system, developing new trade rules which adapt to new labor division model, can we change the imbalance phenomenon in the distribution of trade interests, let backward countries share the dividend from the global value chain.