农村土地承包经营权退出机制研究

Study on the Exit Mechanism of Contractual Right of Rural Lands

随着工业化、城镇化的快速发展,农民和土地的关系出现新的变化,特别是农村土地承包经营权的权属内涵由债权转化为物权后,建立农村土地承包经营权退出机制显得尤为紧要。尽管我国农村土地承包经营权退出的基本前提已经具备,但在实际操作中仍然面临诸多制度与现实约束,近年来一些试点地区从不同层面进行了有意义的探索。承包地退出可以有政策性退出、合作性退出和市场性退出等不同形式。国家、集体与个人在这三种退出形式中扮演着不同的角色,存在"强—中—弱"三重张力关系,也对集体与农户产权边界产生影响。同时,农村土地承包经营权退出不仅有多种层次,还应遵循一个渐进式路径。现阶段,在制度与现实的双重约束下,我国农村土地承包经营权退出应重在机制探索,并需要一系列政策措施支撑。

With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization,a significant change occurred on the relationship between farmers and lands. Specifically speaking,the ownership connotation of contractual right of rural lands has been transformed from creditor's right to real right,and it is urgent to introduce the exit mechanism of contractual right of rural lands. However,though the basic preconditions for exiting the contractual right of rural lands have been realized,there are still many institutional and realistic constraints. In recent years,in many pilot areas,meaningful explorations have been conducted from different perspectives. There should be various methods and layers for exiting contractual right of rural lands,and a gradual approach should be followed. At the current stage,the institutional and realistic constraints mean that it is urgent to explore the exit mechanism of contractual right of rural lands,and supports should be provided by a series of policy measures.