重庆市老年人体质健康状况及影响因素研究

Study on physical health status and influencing factors of senior citizens in Chongqing

目的了解重庆市老年人的体质健康状况及其影响因素。方法采用分层随机抽样方法,抽取797名重庆市老年人作为研究对象。按照《国民体质测定标准手册(老年人部分)》对研究对象的体质健康状况进行评分,同时采用《2014年国民体质监测数据登录书》对研究对象进行调查,并对调查数据进行统计分析。结果研究对象体质健康达标率为96.7%,不合格率为3.3%。其中,城镇户籍研究对象体质健康达标率高于农村户籍研究对象,但体质健康等级为优秀的城镇户籍研究对象体质健康评定总分均值低于农村户籍研究对象,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。二项分类Logistic回归分析结果表明,研究对象体质健康达标情况的影响因素为研究对象的文化程度。结论重庆市老年人体质健康状况整体较好,文化程度是影响重庆市老年人体质健康达标情况的唯一因素。政府应提供政策上的支持,社区应通过组织各种活动增强老年人的锻炼意识,家庭应积极引导老年人进行科学运动,进而整体增强老年人体质。

Objective To analyze the physical health status of senior citizens and its influencing factors in Chongqing. Methods 797 senior Citizens in Chongqing were selected as the research objects by stratified random sampling and their physical health status were evaluated as the National Physical Measurement Standard （for senior citizens）, meantime the objects were investigated and analyzed statistically with National Physique Monitoring Data Logging Book of 2014. Results The rate of reaching the standard of the objects was 96.7% and the failure rate of was 3.3%, among which rate of reaching the standard of objects from cities and towns was higher than that of objects from countries, and the diffidence was statistically significant（P〈0.05）. Binary logistic regression analysis proved that degree of education of objects was a factor that influence the physical health status. Conclusion The overall physical health status of senior citizens in Chongqing is good and degree of education is the only factor that affecting their physical health status whether reaching the standard. The government should provide polices supports; communities should enhance the the seniors＇ awareness of exercising; and families should guide the seniors to exercise properly, thus to strengthen the senior citizens＇ health.