务工距离对农民工就业质量的影响分析

The Effects of Working Distance on Employment Quality of Rural Migrant Workers

跨区务工是农民工劳动力市场的普遍现象。本文利用中国家庭收入调查(CHIP)2013年农村—城镇流动人口数据,估计了务工距离对农民工就业质量的影响,并检验了务工距离与个体特征变量间的交互效应。研究发现,务工距离与农民工就业质量之间存在着"正U型"曲线关系,务工在本县范围内,务工距离增加会引起就业质量下降,引起工资水平上升、工作时间缩减,并无益于就业稳定性增强及工作福利获取;务工一旦超出本县,务工距离的加大将有助于就业质量的提升。本文进一步分析发现,个体特征变量与务工距离之间的交互效应并不突出,表明农民工的家庭形态差异及居住地异质性在背后发挥更为重要的作用。

Inter-regional employment is a common phenomenon on the labor market for migrant workers. This article estimates the effects of working distance on migrant workers＇ employment quality, and examines the interactions between human capital, individual social characteristics and working distance. The study uses survey data of rttml-urban migrant population in 2013 from the Chinese Household Income Project （CHIP）. It finds a U-shaped relationship between working distance and migrant workers＇ employment quality. In contexts where migrant workers are employed within the county boundary, the increase in working distance leads to a decrease in employment quality, resulting in less incomes, shorter working hours, lower job stability and smaller probability to be covered by social security for migrant workers. However, in contexts where migrant workers are employed beyond the county boundary, the extension of working distance can improve employment quality. In addition, the analysis does not show a strong relationship between human capital, individual social characteristics and migrant workers＇ working distance, which indicates that family differences and residence heterogeneity of migrant workers may play a more important role.