为什么流向大城市:城市集聚与劳动力流动研究进展

Why People Flow to Big Cities: A Review of Urban Agglomeration and Labor Migration

新经济地理学对劳动力转移的假设突破传统劳动力理论模型中的内生性与规模报酬递增等问题,对劳动力转移机制的研究提供了一个很有解释力的框架。文章通过国内外大量文献的检索分析,重点梳理了新经济地理学中的本地市场效应、知识溢出效应、生活成本效应对劳动力转移机制的影响。国外理论模型和实证研究表明,劳动力向城市特别是大城市不断集聚的机制在于城市集聚所带来的外部性效应。国内未来研究应当采用更加微观的数据,从小范围的空间尺度,关注异质性劳动力转移机制等方面来继续深化研究。

The hypothesis of new economic geography on labor transfer breaks through the endogenous and increasing returns in the traditional labor force model, and offers an explanatory framework for the study of labor transfer mechanism. Based on the analysis of a number of domestic and foreign papers, this paper focuses on the impacts of local market, knowledge spillover and cost of living on labor transfer mechanism in new economic geography. Foreign theoretical models and empirical studies show that the mechanism of labor force gathering to cities, especially big cities, lies in the externalities brought about by urban agglomeration. Future research in China should use more micro-data and pay attention to the heterogeneity of labor transfer mechanism from a small scale of space, to continue to deepen research.