大数据分析与量化研究的区别与整合——兼议教育量化研究的未来走向

Differences and Integration Between Big Data Analytics and Quantitative Research——Future Direction of Educational Quantitative Research

大数据对社会科学研究产生较大影响,大数据分析开始逐渐应用于教育学等研究领域并取得了较好成效。随着大数据分析在学术领域中的使用,人们对大数据分析和量化研究的认识产生了分歧,甚至有学者将大数据分析等同于量化研究。研究表明,大数据分析不同于教育学等研究领域中所使用的量化研究,两者在科学研究范式、数据获取方式、数据分析方法等方面都有所不同。但是,大数据分析与量化研究在学术研究中可取长补短,未来的研究可结合大数据分析和量化研究各自的特点进行整合,拓宽研究的思路与空间。建议在研究范式上强调知识驱动与数据驱动相统一,在数据获取上强调结构与非结构、横断面与历史数据相结合,在数据分析方法上强调统计推断与数据挖掘相融合。

Big data analytics has great influences on social science research and has been grad- ually applied in educational research. However, there are some misunderstandings on big data an- alytics and quantitative research. Some researchers even think big data analytics is the same as quantitative research. This paper shows that big data analyties is different from the quantitative research in scientific research paradigm, the approach to data acquisition and data analysis meth- od. But the study also shows that it＇s possible for integrating the big data analyties and quantita- tive research in the future educational research. It is suggested that the research paradigm of knowledge-driven and the data-driven be unified, the structure and non-structure data, the cross- sectional and historical data be combined, and the data analysis method on statistical inference and data mining be integrated.