不同民族大学生读研意向的影响机制研究

College Students' Aspiration to Graduate Education:Different Nationalities and the Influence Mechanism

采用"中国大学生学习与发展追踪调查(CCSS)"全国性跨年度数据分析发现:与汉族大学生相比,全国少数民族大学生读研意向相对较低,差距主要来自平均受教育年限较低的族群、家庭所在地位于民族聚居区的大学生;家庭出身和教育经历与汉族和少数民族大学生的国内读研意向存在显著相关关系,教育经历是汉族和全国少数民族大学生国内读研意向的主导性因素,但家庭出身对少数民族大学生的影响更大;全面收费改革后,所有民族大学生的国内读研意向均出现"断崖式"下滑,但与国外读研意向的比较发现,全面收费改革并不是导致国内读研意向下降的唯一因素;在全国少数民族和一些案例民族中,全面收费改革扩大了家庭出身对国内读研意向的相对效应,有可能使家庭条件较差的大学生放弃读研。

Based on CCSS data from 2011 to 2016, the study draws several conclusions. First, compared with the Han college students, the graduate education aspiration of minority students is lower, but the gap is mainly from the minority students who come from ethnic communities with fewer average schooling years. Second, family background and educational experience are significantly correlated to the graduate education aspiration of the Han and minority college students, and educational experience is the dominant factor that influences the graduate school aspiration of Han and minority college students, but the influence of family background is more important for minority college students. Third, the aspiration for domestic graduate education of all college students declines sharply after the nationwide charging reform. However, a study of the students＇ aspiration for foreign graduate education reveals that the nationwide charging reform is not the only cause of the decline of domestic graduate school aspiration. Finally, the nationwide charging reform increases the influence of family background on college students＇ aspiration of domestic graduate education, a possible consequence of which is that students from unfavorable family background may renounce graduate education.