基于人口省际流动的中国城市网络转变中心性与控制力研究——兼论递归理论用于城市网络研究的条件性

Alter-based centrality and power of Chinese city network using inter-provincial population flow

转变中心性和控制力是近年来城市网络研究的重要方法。本文首先从网络拓扑结构角度讨论递归理论用于城市网络研究的条件性;其次,基于百度迁徙数据构建城市网络,利用复杂网络方法、改进后的转变中心性和控制力方法对城市网络进行测度。结论指出:(1)递归理论用于城市网络分析有其特定的数据结构要求,其适用于树形结构、而不适用于局部存在完整图的网络结构的测度;(2)基于人口省际流动的中国城市网络存在小世界现象,人口流动空间格局在全国和区域尺度下均呈现出明显的核心—边缘结构,国家城市化发展战略与重要交通设施对人口流动网络产生框架性的导向作用。哈尔滨—北京—西安—成都—大理一线是关联结构与强度空间差异的明显界限。(3)转变中心性与控制力更能揭示中国城市网络节点的属性特征,和辨识资源流通对网络城市产生的不同影响与空间效应。城市网络中既包括北京、上海、重庆、广州等以高中心性高控制力为特征的典型城市,也包括武汉、太原、贵阳、福州等高中心性低控制力的枢纽城市,和兰州、银川等低中心性高控制力的门户城市。因此,转变中心性和控制力概念对加深城市复杂多样化内涵的认识具有重要的意义。

Application of the concepts of alter-based centrality and power has become a focus in the research on city networks in recent years. In this paper, the conditionality of recursive theory utilization to city networks is analyzed from the perspective of network topology structures. In addition, an urban network is constructed on the basis of Baidu migration data and measured using the complex network method, improved alter-based centrality, and the power method. The results show, in the first place, that the use of recursive theory for the analysis of urban networks has specific data structure requirements, suitable for tree structure, but not for the local existence of complete network structure measurements. Secondly, small world phenomena and spatial patterns of population mobility exhibit obvious core-periphery structures at national and regional scales. This means that the national urbanization development strategy and important transport facilities play key roles in enabling the population mobility network. In this context, the Harbin-Beijing-Xi＇an-Chengdu-Dali line exhibits a significant network of spatial differences in terms of boundary divisions. Thirdly, the use of alter-based centrality and power reveal hierarchical characteristics, differences in the urban network, and the influence of different effects, including spatial ones, on the identification of network city resources. In this case, the network includes not just Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing, and Guangzhou, high power quintessential cities with high centrality, but also a number of smaller lower power hub cities, including Wuhan, Taiyuan, Guiyang, and Fuzhou, as well as gateway cities that exhibit both low centrality and high power, such as Lanzhou and Yinchuan. Thus, the concepts of centrality and power are of great significance in broadening our understanding of complex urban diversification.