西方犯罪学的历史演进及其启示

The Evolution and Enlightenment of Western Criminology

研究犯罪学重在探索犯罪发生的原因性,寻求预防犯罪的多元方法。梳理西方犯罪学的历史演进,其历史脉络为古希腊罗马时期、中世纪时期、文艺复兴时期、启蒙运动时期、近代犯罪学时期和现代犯罪学时期六个阶段。各个阶段的发展与成就,承上启下,这些阶段历经对哲学政治学研究时的附带思考,发展为集学理研究和实证研究一体,综合运用社会科学和自然科学进行研究的独立综合性学科。事实上,犯罪学说的演进与社会的政治经济发展紧密相关,客观审视西方犯罪学说的演进,能够启示我国犯罪学的研究应立足历史基础与文化积淀,借鉴西方犯罪学研究的合理因素,完善我国犯罪学理论研究的范围和方法等,从而为实务部门提供解决实践问题的理论路径。

The essence of criminology lies in exploring the causes of crime, and looking for diversity to prevent crimes. Even though the modern-western criminology was established in the late eighteenth Century, the study of the prevention of crimes and their causes has a long history. The ages, ancient Greek and Rome period, Medieval, Renaissance, Enlightenment, the ancient and the modern period, witness the development of Western criminology. The achievement experienced some frag-mental thoughts with philosophy and political science, de- veloped into an independent and comprehensive subject that combining theoretical studies with empirical studies, applying social sciences and natural sciences comprehensively. In fact, the evolvement of criminology is closely related to the development of social political economics. It was not only based on historical foundation and cultural accumulation, but also drawing on the rational factors of western when examinating the evolution of western criminology objectively and enlightening criminology in China. On this basis, the range and the method of criminology in China can be perfected, and thus to facilitate the construction of contemporary criminology.