武汉市汉口江滩血防工程实践与效果

Practice of engineering management and its effect on schistosomiasis control in Hankou marshland,Wuhan City

目的探讨武汉市市内大型江滩血防工程灭螺的效果。方法采用表层除障、药物灭螺、滩面平整、表土剥离填埋、沟渠挖新填旧等工程措施对汉口江滩进行血防整治,提出工程措施的相应技术参数并比较工程整治前后的螺情变化。结果汉口江滩工程整治总长度为6 015 m,整治面积87.21 hm2,其中表土填埋17.44 hm2,表土覆盖52.08 hm2,开挖新沟23条。新沟的平均长度、沟顶宽、沟深、高程差、边坡比及沟底坡的平均数值均有提高,沟底宽度和沟底高程平均数值有所下降。江滩滩面形成了内高外低(堤高江低)的坡度,滩面未再发现钉螺孳生。结论工程灭螺后,江滩钉螺孳生环境得到了彻底改变,但后期仍需加强螺情监测和工程管理。

Objective To investigate the Oncomelania hupensis snail control effect of schistosomiasis control engineering in marshland within Wuhan City. Methods The engineering measures including surface barrier removal,molluscicide,flatting surface,topsoil stripping,topsoil covering and ditch renovation were applied to transform Hankou marshland. Then the corre-sponding technical parameters of engineering measures were put forward. The situation of snails was analyzed before and after the transform project. Results The total length and area of the project were 6015 m and 87.21 hm^2,respectively,including 17.44 hm^2 of topsoil landfill,52.08 hm^2 of topsoil covering and 23 new ditches. After the transformation,the average length of the new groove,the groove top width,groove depth,height difference,and the average values of slopes and ditch bottom slope were all increased,while the average values of the width and height of the ditch were decreased. At the same time,the marsh-land beach surface had a new slope that the embankment was higher than the river and no living O. hupensis snails were found then. Conclusions The snail breeding environment in Hankou marshland has been effectively changed by the project. Howev-er,the constant monitoring and engineering management are still needed to consolidate the effect.