2015年重庆市输入性疟疾病例特征分析

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria cases in Chongqing Municipality in 2015

目的分析重庆市2015年输入性疟疾病例实验室诊断结果及流行病学特征。方法按照《重庆市疟疾诊断参比实验室工作手册》操作规程,采用涂片镜检、快速疟疾诊断试纸条(RDT)及巢式PCR对该市输入性病例进行实验室诊断分型,并从寄生虫病防治信息管理系统收集疟疾个案调查资料进行分析。结果 2015年重庆市共报告境外输入性疟疾病例31例,其中间日疟2例(6.45%)、恶性疟23例(74.19%)、卵形疟5例(16.13%)、三日疟1例(3.22%),5例卵形疟中3例经实验室诊断为卵形疟wallikeri亚型。30例(96.77%)输入自非洲,1例(3.33%)输入自东南亚;30例为男性,1例为女性,年龄23~61岁,病例分布无明显季节性。病例从发病到初次就诊时间、从初次就诊到确诊时间的中位数均为2 d,初次就诊单位多为县级单位,确诊单位多为省级单位。结论重庆市2015年疟疾病例均为输入性,未发现本地病例,仍保持消除疟疾状态,但仍要加强输入性疟疾病例的管理及病原学监测工作,并加强相关疟疾防治机构医务人员的防治能力培训。

Objective To analyze the laboratory diagnosis results and epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria cases in Chongqing Municipality in 2015. Methods According to the Standard Operating Procedures of Malaria Diagnosis Ref-erence Laboratory Manual,all the blood samples collected from the imported malaria patients were detected by microscopy, RDT and nest PCR. Meanwhile,the epidemiological data of the malaria cases were collected from the Parasitic Diseases Informa-tion Management System and analyzed. Results Totally 31 cases of imported malaria were reported in Chonqing Municipality in 2015,among which,there were 2 vivax malaria cases（6.45%）,23 falciparum malaria cases（74.19%）,5 ovale malaria cas-es（16.13%）,1 malariae malaria case（3.22%）. For the 5 ovale cases,three of them were confirmed as Plasmodium ovale wal-likeri infection. Among all the cases,30 cases（96.77%）were from African countries,1（3.33%）was from Southeast Asia. Thir-ty patients were male,and 1 was female. All the patients were aged from 23-61 years. There was no obvious seasonality in the case distribution. Both the medians of duration from malaria attack to first visiting a doctor and from first visiting a doctor to diag-nosis were 2 days. The medical care units that the patients first visited were mainly county-level units,while those that made the diagnosis were mainly provincial level institutes. Conclusions All the malaria cases in Chongqing in 2015 are imported,no lo-cal cases have been found,which suggests that this municipality still maintain the malaria elimination state. However,the moni-toring and management of imported malaria cases as well as the training on malaria control for related medical staff still need to be strengthened.