太子参三倍体种质培育的初步研究

Primary study of triploid germplasm of Pseudostellaria Heterophylla

开展太子参二倍体和四倍体种质之间的人工杂交授粉,进行杂交种子的种胚离体诱导培养和组培株系的染色体倍性鉴定.结果显示:太子参二倍体和四倍体种质之间的杂交,花朵大部分败育,能接蒴果的花朵不到20%.以柘参1号(2x)为母本、柘参3号(4x)为父本的杂交,F1代有二倍体、三倍体和四倍体植株,以柘参3号为母本、柘参1号为父本的杂交,F1代只有四倍体植株.研究首次获得太子参三倍体新种质(2n=3x=48),为丰富太子参种质资源及其多倍体育种奠定了基础.

Artificial hybridization was performed between diploid and tetraploid of Pseudostellaria Heterophylla. The embryos of hybrid seeds were induced cultivation in vitro, and their chromosome ploidy were identified. The results showed that most of the hybrid＇s flowers died and less than 20% of the hybrid could produce capsules. The hybrid F1 have diploid, triploid and tetraploid plants when ＂Zheshen No. 1 （2x）;＇ was used as female parent. Andthe hybrid F1 have tetraploid plants when ＂Zheshen No. 3（4x）＂ was used as female parent. The triploid of P. heterophylla （2n=3x=48）obtained here would certainly lay a foundation for germplasm resources and polyploid breeding of P. heterophylla.