“博士”:从文化精英到鄙陋之儒——北朝时代的社会文化变迁

Doctor: from Cultural Elites to Useless Confucian Scholars——Transformation of Society and Culture in the Northern Dynasties

汉代在"独尊儒术"的背景下,博士被视作文化精英,社会地位极高。而到了北朝时代,随着少数民族入主中原,政治上南北对峙,文化上亦迥然不同,北方深受江左文风熏染,传统知识结构被打破,官学不兴,博士地位跌至鄙陋之儒;同时民间私学兴盛,文化普遍下移,体现了北朝时代的社会文化变迁。

Doctors with high status are regarded as cultural elites in the I-Ian Dynasty due to the advocacy of Confucianism. However, the minority took over the central plains which formed a quite different policy and culture in the Northern Dynasties. Affected by the writing style in Jiangzuo, the status of doctors in the North declined from cultural elites to useless Confucian scholars since the traditional knowledge structure was broken and official schools went downhill. Meanwhile, private schools sprang up and the culture shifted southward which demonstrated the transformation of society and culture in the Northern Dynasties.