卢梭道德政治思想图景中的文艺观

Literary Views in Rousseau's Ideological Picture of Moral Politics

卢梭复归并超越了古典政治哲学的传统,从道德的角度阐述了区别于同时代启蒙思想家的政治哲学思想。通过科学与艺术的复兴是否有助于敦风化俗、在日内瓦是否应该修建剧院等有关争论,卢梭独具只眼地指出良好政治共同体的基础不在于物质的积累与欲望的实现,而在于质朴的传统习俗与道德风尚。科学与艺术的发展导致了人性的异化和道德的堕落。卢梭文艺观的底线,是保护真诚人格不受文明社会及其扭曲人性的机制的腐蚀,促进布尔乔亚成长为富于德性与责任担当的现代公民。卢梭纠结徘徊于个人权利优先性的伦理诉求与重建社会普遍性的伦理原则之间决定了卢梭道德政治和文艺观念的思想矛盾与内在困境,也是其思想呈现多面性的源泉。

Rousseau returns to and transcends the tradition of classical political philosophy, and expounds political philosophical thoughts differing from contemporary enlightenment thinkers from the moral point of view. Through the arguments over whether or not the revival of science and art contributes to changing customs and habits, and whether or not to build a theatre in Geneva, Rousseau points out that the basis of fine political community does not lie in material accumulation and realization of desire, but lies in plain traditional customs and moral fashion. The development of science and art causes alienation of human nature and moral degenerate. The baseline of Rousseau＇s literary view is to protect sincere personality free from corrosion of civilized society and its distorted personality mechanism and to promote bourgeois＇ growing into modem citizens full of moral and responsibility. Rousseau tangles and lingers between ethical appeal of priority of individual power and reconstructing social, universal ethical principles, and it decides Rousseau＇s ideological contradiction and internal predicament of moral politics and literary view and it is also the source of his diversified thoughts.