魏晋南北朝汉语介词语法化的特点及原因

The Peculiarities of Grammaticalization of Chinese Prepositions in Wei,Jin,Northern and Southern Dynasties

魏晋南北朝时期,汉语介词的语法化呈现出单向性趋势,并呈现出成员更新、语义强化等特征。其单向性趋势表现为介词原项消失而语法化项发展、原项与语法化项并存、原项发展而语法化项消失、原项与语法项均消失等四种途径,前两种途径实现了介词系统的创新和新的语义范畴的出现,后两种途径则完成了介词系统的更新。介词语法化之后,其语义得到一定程度的强化,其强化过程呈现出多样性特征。而句法结构的约束性、语义发展的规律性、表义手段的多样性以及当时语言的过渡性特点,都决定了该时期介词语法化特征的生成。

In Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties, the grammmaticalization of Chinese prepositions took on a unidirectional trend and were also characterized by renewed membership and semantic intensification. The unidirectional trend can be classified into four categories, giving rise to the innovation and renewal of the prepositional system and the appearance of semantic category. After prepositions were grammaticalized, their meaning was intensified to some degree and in diversified ways. The restraints of syntactic structures, the laws of semantic development, the diversity of semantic expression and the transitivity of language contributed to the formation of the characteristics of prepositional grammaticalization of that period.