欧亚草原东部金属之路的形成

The Development of the Metal Road in the Eastern Eurasian Steppes

中国北方地区是欧亚草原的重要组成部分。金属器反映出来的两地文化交往可分两个方向:一个是中国北方与蒙古高原东部和外贝加尔地区交往的东区,另一个是中国北方与亚洲内陆地带交往的西区。东区最发达时期是公元前2千纪后半叶的商末周初,中国北方青铜器的影响范围最西到达了米努辛斯克盆地;在战国晚期的长城以北又孕育了匈奴文化,这些都说明中国北方是亚洲草原重要的发展动力之一。西区的交往始于公元前2千纪初,公元前1千纪中叶的东周时期是丝绸之路形成的最后阶段,中国北方先后受到来自西萨彦岭、阿尔泰山和天山的影响,新疆作为东西交流的通道是逐渐形成的。丝绸之路以前已经存在着上千年的民间草原金属之路。

The northern frontier zone of China is an integral part of the Eurasian Steppes. The cultural communications of this area as reflected by the metal objects can be divided into two directions： one was the eastward zone where the northern China was interacting with the eastern Mongolian Plateau and Transbaikal areas, and the other was the westward zone where the northern China was interacting with the mountainous areas of the Inner Asia.