公众自救互救技能培训内容与方式规范初探

Optimization of public safety first aid training content and method

目的构建公众自救互救技能培训内容与方法规范。方法在文献研究、问卷调查与专家小组讨论基础上编制咨询问卷,向12名应急相关领域的专家发放问卷,运用德尔菲法确定培训内容与方式规范。结果经过两轮专家咨询,增加了1项一级指标和8项二级指标,删除7项二级指标,并对部分指标进行了合并与修改,最终确定了7个维度36个条目的公众自救互救技能培训内容与方式规范。专家对一级指标的Kendall′s W值为0.258(χ~2=19.90,P=0.047),对二级指标的Kendall′s W值0.245~0.399(χ~2=94.21~166.68,P=0.000),专家意见协调程度较好。公众培训方式可选择自学材料、专家讲座、现场实操和知识竞赛,并根据不同培训内容选择不同的培训方式,以提高培训效果。结论构建公众自救互救技能培训内容与方法规范,指导公众分级培训工作,进一步优化公众急救培训模式。

Objective To optimize public safety first aid training content and method. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 12 professionals in the field of emergency management which was designed based on literature search,initial questionnaire survey and professional discussion.A Delphi was used to determine the training content and method. Results After two rounds of professional consultation,the public safety first aid training content and method with seven dimensions and thirty-six sections was finally settled by adding one first-class and 8 second-class indexes and deleting 7 second-class indexes.The Kendall′s coefficients of concordance was 0.258（χ~2=19.90,P=0.047）for first-class index and 0.245~0.399（χ~2=94.21-166.68,P=0.000）for second-class index among 12 professionals.Training methods included self-learning materials,seminars,hand-on skill sessions and knowledge contests,and different training method was chosen based on different training courses to improve the effectiveness of training. Conclusions Public first aid training content and method is optimized to better guide the public emergency training.