旱作作物垄膜种植增温作用及增产效应研究

Effects of Increasing Temperature and Yield under Cultivation of Full Plastic Film Mulching on Double Riges in Dryland Crops

针对大部分旱作区气候条件恶劣、粮食低产不稳和抗旱减灾能力差等突出问题,在内蒙古阴山北麓典型旗县武川县与大兴安岭南麓典型旱作区兴安盟乌兰浩特市对全覆膜双垄沟种植方式的增温效应及产量形成关系进行了研究,设置传统半覆膜和平作不覆膜种植方式为对照,分别以播种面积逐年扩大的向日葵和传统大面积种植作物玉米为研究材料,总结分析了垄膜种植技术的增温增产作用机理:两种作物全覆膜双垄沟种植方式的全生育期在株间5 cm、15 cm、25 cm土层与行间5 cm、15 cm土层的土壤平均温度分别比平作不覆膜处理增加0.17~4.39℃与0.26~4.17℃;苗期行间日平均温度比平作不覆膜处理分别高1.71℃、2.43℃,株间日平均温度高3.41℃、3.59℃;全生育期土壤平均有效积温分别为2178.8℃、2621.4℃,较平作不覆膜处理增加174.7℃、217.6℃;全覆膜双垄沟种植方式收获时两种作物植株的各项生理指标在各处理中皆为最优;向日葵与玉米的平均产量分别为4165.5 kg hm^(-2)、13633.5 kg hm^(-2),与传统半覆膜和平作不覆膜处理对比增产率分别为29.1%、45.9%和29.1%、17.9%。

The research focused on the problems about awful climate conditions, unstable low yield of grain, and poor abilities of drought resistance and disaster mitigation in most dry land regions. The aim of this research was to identify the relationship between warming effect and yields after applying the cultivation of full plastic-film mulching on double rides （QLD） in Yinshan Mountain, Wuchuan County and South of Greater Mountains, Xingan County, Inner Mongolia Province. Three treatments included QLD, traditional half plastic film mulching （BLD） and no plastic fihn mulching （CKD）. The research materials were sunflower and maize that were planted at a large area in Inner Mongolia. The average of soil temperature increased by 0.17 - 4.39 -C at 5 cm, 15 cm, and 25 cm spacing between plants and by 0.26 - 4.17 -C at row spacing of 5 cm and 15 cm under QLD treatment than under CKD treatment at whole growth period of sunflower and maize. The averages of soil temperature at row spacing under QLD and BLD were higher 1.71 -C and 2.43 -C than that of CKD in seedling stage, and higher 3.41 -C and 3.59 -C at spacing between plants, respectively.s The averages of soil effective accumulated temperature were 2178.9 -C and 2621.4 -C under QLD and BLD treatments, higher 174.9 -C and 217.6 -C than CKD treatment, respectively. All the physiological indices for both plants were the most optimal in the QLD treatment. The averages of sunflower and maize yield were 4165.5 kg hm^-2 and 13633.5 kg hm^-2, respectively, and their yields were increased by 29.1% and 45.95%, 29.1% and 17.90%, respectively, under QLD and BLD than CKD treatments.