设施土壤微生物结构和酶活性对减量化肥配施有机肥的响应

Response of Greenhouse Soil Microbial Community and Enzyme Activities to Combined Application of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction with Organic Fertilizer

通过两年三季田间定位小区试验,研究减量20%化肥配施精制有机肥(COF)、减量20%化肥配施生物有机肥(CBIO)、常规施肥(CCF,100%NPK)和不施肥(CK)处理对设施菊花产量、土壤微生物区系和酶活性的影响。结果表明,连续种植3季后,与CK处理相比,CCF、COF和CBIO处理均显著提高了设施菊花产量、产值、土壤养分含量和酶活性,并改变了土壤微生物区系。与CCF处理相比,COF和CBIO处理均显著增加了土壤细菌、放线菌数量和细菌/真菌值,并降低了真菌数量,且CBIO处理还显著提高了土壤速效养分含量和土壤酶活性并稳定提升土壤酶活性,同时显著提高了设施菊花产量和产值,连续效应明显。CBIO处理的设施菊花产值、土壤碱解氮、速效钾和脲酶活性均显著高于COF处理。除蔗糖酶和中性磷酸酶活性仅受施肥处理影响外,土壤脲酶、脱氢酶、过氧化氢酶活性和土壤微生物数量均受种植时间和施肥处理的交互作用影响,但主要受施肥处理影响。减量化肥配施生物有机肥对于提高作物产量,调控土壤微生物区系和提升土壤肥力作用显著,有利于土壤微生物态环境的发展。

A 2-year and 3-season field study was conducted to investigate the effects of the reduced application of chemical fertilizers by 20% in combination with refined organic fertilizer （COF） and with bio-organic fertilizer （CBIO）, conventional chemical fertilizer （CCF, 100% chemical fertilizer） and no fertilizer （CK） on yield of chrysanthemum, soil nutrient, soil microftora and enzyme activities. The results showed that after 3 seasons, the CCF, COF and CBIO treatments significantly increased the yield and value of chrysanthemum, soil nutrient content, enzyme activities and changed soil microbial flora compared with the CK treatment. Compared with the CCF treatment, the COF and CBIO treatments significantly improved the numbers of soil bacteria and actinomycetes and the ratio of bacteria to fungi, decreased the number of soil fungi. And the CBIO treatment significantly increased soil available nutrients, soil enzyme activities and stabilized soil enzyme actirities, meanwhile increased the yield and value of chrysanthemum, and showed the obvious continuous change. The CBIO treatment significantly increased the production value of chrysanthemum, soil available N, available K, and urease activity compared with the COF treatment. Changes in soil urease, dehydrogenase, catalase activity and soil microbial quantity were affected by the interaction between fertilization treatments and sampling time, especially by fertilization treatments. And only neutral phosphatase and invertase activities were significantly affected by the fertilization treatments, but not by the sampling time. Continuous application of reduced application of chemical fertilizer in combination with bio-organic fertilizer played an important function in increasing the yield of chrysanthemum, regulating soil mieroflora and improving soil fertility, which was conducive to the development of soil microbial environment.