蚯蚓粪与酒糟不同配比对土壤理化性质及烤烟品质的影响初探

Effects of Different Ratios of Vermicompost and Vinasse on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

研究目的是为筛选适合陕西南郑烟区烤烟生产的蚯蚓粪与酒糟有机肥配比。试验采取随机区组设计,进行蚯蚓粪与酒糟6个配比(kg hm^(-2))(0+0、2400+0、1800+600、1200+1200、600+1800、0+2400)的大田试验。结果表明,蚯蚓粪1800 kg hm^(-2)与酒糟600 kg hm^(-2)效果较好,在圆顶期和成熟期,土壤容重分别较对照降低了13.5%和7.5%,土壤速效氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质含量分别较对照提高了30.7%和41.2%、40.3%和42.2%、37.1%和22.2%、16.2%和17.1%;中部叶烟碱、总氮、钾及钾氯比分别比对照提高了8.6%、5.0%、3.4%和72.4%,氯和糖碱比分别比对照降低了40.0%和6.3%;上部叶烟碱和氯含量分别比对照降低了7.1%和37.5%,总氮、钾、氮碱比和钾氯比分别比对照提高了6.6%、9.9%、14.3%和65.7%。综合各处理土壤理化性质和烤烟品质,在南郑地区特殊生态条件下,烤烟种植以蚯蚓粪1800 kg hm^(-2)与酒糟600 kg hm^(-2)为宜。

A field experiment was conducted to select the optimal application rate of bio-organic fertilizers of vermicompost and vinasse in tobacco production area of Nanzhen County in Shaa xi Province. Six treatments with different rates of vermicompost and vinasse （0 ＋ 0, 2400 ＋ 0, 1800 ＋ 600, 1200 ＋ 1200, 600 ＋ 1800, 0 ＋ 2400 kg hm^-2, respectively） were designed to investigate the effects of the combination of vermicompost with vinasse on soil physical and chemical properties and quality of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that the combination of vermicompost 1800 kg hm^-2 and vinasse 600 kg hm^-2 had the best effects. In topping stage and maturity stage, soil bulk density decreased by 13.5% and 7.5%, while soil available N, P, K and organic matters contents increased by 30.7% and 41.2%, 40.3% and 42.2%, 37.1% and 22.2%, 16.2% and 17.1%, as compared with control, respectively （P 〈 0.05）. The nicotine contents, total nitrogen contents, potassium contents and the ratio of potassium to chlorine in middle leaves of flue-cured tobacco increased by 8.6%, 5%, 3.4% and 72.4%, while the contents of chlorine and the ratio of total sugar to nicotine decreased by 40.0% and 6.3%, respectively. Compared with control, the contents of nicotine and chlorine in upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco decreased by 7.1% and 37.5%, while the total nitrogen contents, potassium contents, the ratio total nitrogen to nicotine and the ratio of potassium to chlorine increased by 6.6%, 9.9%, 14.3% and 65.7%, respectively. In conclusion, the application of vermicompost 1800 kg hm^-2 and vinasse 600 kg hm^-2 could significantly improve soil physical and chemical properties and enhance the quality of flue-cured tobacco, which could be recommended in tobacco planting in Nanzheng.