技术经济范式变化对国家创新体系的影响和启示

The Impact of Technological and Economic Paradigm Change on National Innovation System and Its Enlightenment

随着新科技革命和产业变革的酝酿,技术经济范式发生着深刻的变化,体现在:作为关键生产要素的新兴技术呈现群发性和融合性特征,需要更加稳定、包容的公共研发平台;全球产业分工的结构性变化将导致企业竞争压力明显增加,需要由核心企业主导的更加敏捷、低成本的创新网络;创新资源配置主体和方式多元化,需要更加多元、协同的创新治理结构;个性化定制需求逐渐旺盛,需要更加前瞻、深刻的用户参与;传统的劳动力成本优势将逐步减弱,需要更开放、宽松的人才"红利"释放机制。在新的技术经济范式建立完善过程中,也必然需要新的政策设计完善国家创新体系,这体现在适应创新主体变化、夯实基本创新制度、强化创新链后端政策、关注技术制度互动等方面。

The full understanding on the technical and economic paradigm is one of the basic factors to improve the national innovation system and to design STI policies. With the new technological and industrial revolution brewing, technological and economic paradigms changes profoundly. For example, as the key elements of production, emerging technologies are mass and the integrated, which need more stable and inclusive public R＆D platform; the global industrial structure changes need more low cost innovation networks; diver- sification of the innovation entities and the way for innovation resources allocation need more pluralistic and collaborative governance structure. With the evolution of new technical and economic paradigm, it needs to design new policies to improve the national innovation system, such as the adaptation of innovation entities changes, reinforcement on law and basic institutions, focus on demand side poli- cies, paying attention to the interaction between new technologies and institutions.