鄱阳湖退田还湖圩区土地返耕利用的研究

Study on Land Reclamation around Poyang Lake in the Abandoned Farmland in the Context of the Policy for Converting Farmland to Lake

研究目的:通过分析鄱阳湖退田还湖圩区中耕地利用变化,探讨退田还湖政策实施后的双退圩区的土地返耕现象。研究方法:通过多时相卫星遥感影像解译和农户调研相结合,确定退田还湖圩区耕地利用方式的变化特征,结合种粮群体、种粮意愿和粮食生产效益等方面的调查,阐述鄱阳湖水文情势的变化、惠农政策和退田还湖政策等对耕地利用的影响。研究结果:(1)退田还湖政策实施初期,大量耕地转为湿地,但2010年后大量还湖的土地被返耕;(2)连片耕地经营主体以种粮大户为主,主要种植双季稻;零散耕地主要由受教育程度低的留守妇女或老人耕种,以单季稻种植为主;(3)鄱阳湖区洪水风险下降,圩区耕地质量优良,是双退圩区耕地返耕的自然原因;从事小规模农业生产的主体难以从事其他行业,是圩区返耕的主要社会原因;(4)耕地承租流转,规模效益催生种粮大户,促进退田还湖圩区中耕地返耕,甚至导致大量湿地被围垦。研究结论:有必要重新审视鄱阳湖圩区"退田还湖"政策,修订双退圩堤的确定标准,确立双退圩区返耕的合法性。

The objective of the paper is Lake（CFL）by analyzing land use change to investigate the effects of implementing the policy for Converting Farmland to in the cultivated paddy, and to explore the driving factors of reclamation in the abandoned lake polder. The methods include multi-temporal satellite images interpretation and household questionnaire survey. The results showed that： 1 ） at the beginning of the CFL policy implementation, a large number of cultivated land were converted to wetland, but the wetland was converted to farmland after 2010; 2）the farmland with large scale was mostly rented by the large farmer and was mainly used to plant double cropping rice, while the fragmental farmland was mostly used to plant single cropping rice by the local elders and women; 3）the driving factors of reclamation in the abandoned lake polder varied. The flood risk in Poyang Lake region has decreased and farmland in the abandoned polder was fertile, becoming the natural factors, and the farmers engaged in small-scale agricultural were not competent for other jobs, becoming the social factors; 4）farmland transfer and the economies of scale fostered the large farmers, impelling land reclamation in the lake area and even inducing the wetland occupation. It is necessary to re-examine CFL policy around Poyang Lake, revise the standard of defining completed return levee and establish the legitimacy of replanting in the returned polder.