天然表面活性剂(续完)

A review on natural surfactants

11成本分析在建设和运作工厂之前,工艺的设计和经济评估是很重要的,这需要结合工程学的知识[66]。总体成本分析包括评估资本和运营开支。基于由Superpro Designer模拟软件开发的工艺经济模型,由葡萄糖和高油酸的葵花籽油生产907 00 t的槐糖脂的年运营成本为2.68亿美元,单位生产成本每千克2.95美元。

Natural surfactants or bio-surfactants are amphiphilic biological compounds, usually extracellular, produced by a variety of microorganisms from various substances including waste materials. There is increasing interest on this topic because of their unique properties such as low toxicity, functionality under extreme conditions, based on renewable substances and biologically degradable nature. The diversity of these molecules supports their potential application in the field of petroleum, medicine, agriculture, food, cosmetics etc. They are also effective in curtailing the green-house effect by reducing the emission of CO2. They can be termed as ‘green＇ because of their low toxicity, bio-degradability and relative stability under a wide range of physicochemical environments. In spite of possessing diverse structures and better physico-chemical properties than chemical surfactants, bio-surfactants are not able to compete with their synthetic counterparts because of their high production downstream costs. The commercial realization of these eco-friendly biomolecules is restricted by low productivity, expensive downstream processing and lack of appropriate understanding of the bioreactor systems for their production. But we expect that in future better reactor design and product recovery technology would be developed and overproducer microbial strain would be screened. Then production cost would be decreased and yield would be increased, and the production would be both ecologically economically favored. The present review deals with an overall view on biosurfactants, their properties, advantages disadvantages, production, characterization, application along with a recommendation for future research.