三峡库区鲤鱼中铅污染程度评价及其分布特征

Pollution degree evaluation and spatial distribution of the heavy metal lead in carp from three gorges reservoir

采用微波消解-火焰原子吸收光谱法检测方法,以单因子污染指数为评价指标,检测与评估三峡库区鲤鱼中元素Pb的含量及污染程度。研究结果表明、重金属铅在不同器官和组织含量有显著差异。鱼肉、鱼籽Pb元素单因子污染指数均大于0.7、小于1,说明没有超过国家的限量标准,属于尚清洁等级;鱼鳞、鱼鳔、鱼骨Pb元素单因子污染指数均大于1、小于2,说明已经开始受到污染;鱼肝脏和鱼鳃中Pb元素单因子污染指数均大于3,属于重度污染,说明污染程度相当严重。重金属Pb在鲤鱼的分布特征为肝脏含量最高,其次是鱼鳃、鱼鳔等,其含量高低顺序为鱼肝脏>鱼鳃>鱼鳔>鱼骨>鱼鳞>鱼籽>鱼肉。考虑到三峡库区居民的饮食习惯,鲤鱼鱼籽和鱼肉是可以安全食用的,鱼鳔存在一定的潜在危害。

Take microwave digestion-flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer as detecting method, single pollution index were used to evaluate lead pollution in different organs and tissues of carp in three gorges reservoir. The experimental results show that, the lead content in different organs and tissues of the carp in the three gorges reservoir have significant difference. The single factor pollution index of fish muscle, fish roe were greater than 0.7, less than 1, show that no more than the national limited standard, belong to clean level. The single factor pollution index about scales, float, fishbone were greater than 1, less than 2, that already is polluted. Fish liver and gills were greater than 3, belong to high levels of pollution, the pollution is quite serious. Distribution characteristics of heavy metal Pb in carp were that liver content is the highest, followed by gills, float, etc, and its content from high to low order for fish liverfish gillfish floatfishbonefish scalefish roefish muscle. Considering the eating habits of the residents in three gorges reservoir, fish roe and fish muscle are safe to eat, fish float has certain potential hazards.