典型小流域水土流失监测技术体系研究

Study on technology system for soil and water loss monitoring of typical small watersheds

水土流失监测是水土保持工作的重要基础,但目前水土流失监测仍处于初始阶段,新技术新方法不断涌现,水土流失的量化标准却相对原始。因此,在简单分析典型小流域监测内容、指标和监测方法的基础上,综合使用典型小流域遥感监测、插钎法监测、径流小区监测、控制站观测等多种监测方法,以数学建模的方式耦合其相关度,从而实现多种监测数据的融合,最终实现对典型小流域土壤侵蚀量的精确估测。结合典型小流域水土流失量化技术,详细介绍了小流域基础监测体系、土壤侵蚀量化监测体系以及水土流失预测模型,阐述了对不同水土保持措施保持效益的量化监测方法。相关成果可为典型流域后期综合治理提供参考。

Soil and water loss monitoring is an important basis for soil and water conservation,but it＇s still in initial stage in China. Although new technology and methods keep springing up,the quantitative criteria for soil and water loss are out-dated.Therefore,on the basis of simple analysis of monitoring contents,indexes and methods of typical small watersheds and using several monitoring methods in combination,including remote sensing,plug drilling and runoff plot monitoring and control station observation,we coupled the correlations among the multifarious methods by mathematical model,realized integration of the corresponding monitoring data and finally achieved the accurate estimation of soil erosion amount of typical small watersheds. Combined with the quantitative technology of soil and water loss,we introduce the basic monitoring system,soil erosion quantitative monitoring system and soil and water loss forecasting model of small watersheds,and then illustrate the quantitative monitoring methods for different soil and water conservation measures,which can provide references for the follow-up comprehensive treatment of typical watersheds.