生产建设项目不同水土保持监测方法的比较分析

Comparative analysis on various soil and water conservation monitoring methods for construction projects

生产建设项目的水土保持监测内容由1个目标层、6个控制层、29个要素和96个指标构成。介绍了长江流域水土保持监测中心站开展水土保持工作主要采取的方法,即资料分析法、实地量测监测、定点地面监测、遥感监测、三维激光扫描测量、摄影测量和远程实时监控技术等。比较了各监测方法的原理、适应性及特点。由于各种监测方法均不是独立运用于某一个项目工程,因此,根据项目工程总体布局和工程施工可能造成的水土流失部位的特点,应相互结合各自特点,选择适合的监测方法,对生产建设项目水土流失及水土保持措施进行全过程监测。

The content of soil and water conservation monitoring is composed of an objective level,six controlling levels,twenty-nine factors and ninety-six indexes. Soil and water conservation methods adopted by Central Station of Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring in Yangtze River Basin were introduced,including data analysis,field measurement and monitoring,fixed-point ground monitoring,remote-sensing monitoring,three-dimensional laser scanning measurement,photogrammetry and real-time remote monitoring technology,etc. The comparison was made on the principles,adaptability and characteristics of each method. None of these methods is used independently in a certain project,therefore based on the characteristics of overall project layout and potential soil and water loss caused by construction,full-process monitoring on soil and water loss and conservation should be conducted by selecting and integrating appropriate monitoring methods.