中学生欺负行为及其类型的调查研究

The Qualitative Study of Bullying Behavior and Types among Middle School Students

调查中学生对欺负行为的理解及欺负类型的新变化,可以为网络背景下欺负行为测评工具的开发提供实践依据,也可以为学校欺负行为的干预提供参考。采用开放式问卷,对154名中学生进行调查。结果发现,中学生对欺负行为的理解与学界定义存在一定差异,部分中学生将犯罪行为也纳入到欺负行为中;中学生提及的欺负行为包括面对面与网络情境下的七种类型,面对面情境包括身体欺负、言语欺负、关系欺负、权益侵占四种类型,网络欺负则包括言语欺负、网络散布隐私与网络财产侵权三种类型;中学生对欺负行为的理解与提及的欺负行为的类型存在性别差异与学段差异。针对这一现象,学校可以从清晰界定欺负行为的边界、建立全员参与的反欺负工作系统,以及提升学生媒介素养三个方面,来加强对中学生欺负行为的干预。

It is important to explore how middle school students understand bullying behaviors in China and the new changes of bullying types, which provides qualitative data for the assessment development of bullying behaviors under the network background,and the reference to the intervention of bullying behaviors in schools. This study surveys 154 middle school students through using the open questionnaire.The results show that there are many differences between the definitions from middle school students with those from academia, even criminal behaviors are classified into bullying behaviors from the views of some students. Furthermore,middle school students refer to four types of bullying behaviors in the face-to-face situations including physical bullying, verbal bullying,relationship bullying, rights occupied,and three types of those in the network situations including the verbal bullying, the privacy spread and property infringement. Meanwhile, there are differences in the bullying understanding and types from the gender and periods of learning. So, it is necessary to strengthen the intervention of bullying behaviors from three factors： the boundaries of bullying behavior should be identified by schools clearly, the full participation of anti -bullying working system should be established, the students＇ media qualifications should be promoted.