北京市青少年主观幸福感及其影响因素——基于两层线性模型的分析

Adolescents' Subjective Well-Being and Its Influencing Factors in Beijing——Based on the Analysis of the Two Layers of Linear Model

主观幸福感是个体生活质量的反映,对其身心健康及发展都有积极影响。以北京市393所学校,五、八年级的19,314名学生为被试的问卷调查结果表明,北京市青少年的主观幸福感水平普遍较高,该地中小学生的幸福感主流是积极的;五年级学生主观幸福感显著高于八年级,女生主观幸福感显著高于男生;学习兴趣、师生关系、同伴关系、家庭社会经济地位和校园环境能正向预测学生的主观幸福感,课业负担对青少年的主观幸福感有显著的负向预测作用。因此,学校应积极改善学校环境和班级氛围,增加学生对学校和班级的归属感;教师应着力培养学生的学习兴趣,提高课堂实效,提高学生的自我价值感。

Subjective well-being reflects the living qualification of individuals, which has positive influence on students ＊ physical and mental health. According to the questionnaire survey of 19,314 students in 5th and 8th Grade,the results show that subjective well-being of teenagers in Beijing is in high level, and the main stream of that among students in primary and secondary schools is positive. Students! subjective well-being in 5th Grade is significantly higher than that in 8th Grade,and girls!subjective well-being is significantly higher than boys!. Furthermore,Learning interest, teacher-student relationship,peer relationship,family socioeconomic status and campus environment have positive impacts on students＇ subjective well-being,and students’schoolwork burden has significant negative impacts. Therefore, schools should improve their campus environment and the class atmosphere to increase students’ sense of belonging to the school and the class. Teachers should focus on cultivating students ’ learning interest, improving the teaching efficiency and students ’ sense of self-worth.