慢性应激对青春期大脑损伤的研究进展及教育启示

Research progress of chronic stress on adolescent brain damage and implications for education

近年来应激对青春期阶段影响的研究愈来愈受到关注。由于青春期阶段大脑仍在发育,对应激十分敏感,该时期的应激事件会对成年后的行为具有累积效应,使得成年后倾向发展为易感人群,患上焦虑症、抑郁症等情绪或生理疾病的概率增大。研究显示,一方面青春期应激可造成大脑相关脑区比成年期应激更严重的损伤,表现出更加激烈的反应;另一方面青春期脑的可塑性,也使这个阶段更适合干预来降低后期生理和心理创伤。因此,学校、家庭以及社会应合力对正处于青春期的中小学生进行应激的及时预防或者采取科学合理的干预措施,确保青春期学生脑的正常发育,避免造成成年阶段不可挽回的大脑结构和相应功能的损伤。

In recent years,the effects of stress on adolescence have attracted more and more attention. Because adolescent brains that remain in development are very sensitive to stress,the accumulative effects of stress events during this period on the adult behavior are induced easily. These adult people are particularly sensitive to stress and vulnerable to anxiety,depression or other physical traumas. Studies show that the damage of exposure to stress to the brain is more serious in adolescence than that in adulthood. In the meantime,however,the plasticity of the brain during adolescence can be used as the right time of intervention to reduce later emotional and physical diseases. So,preventive measures or scientific interventions should be taken by school together with family and society to ensure adolescent brain development normally and to avoid causing the irreversible brain damage.