互促共进:试论中国的煤铁关系——以汉冶萍公司为中心

Mutual Dependence and Promotion: on Relationship Between Coal and Steel in China——Focusing on Hanyeping Corporation

自古以来,煤和铁就是关系到国计民生的两种重要的不可再生的矿产资源。在近代中国,采用机器生产的煤矿和铁矿的出现是工业化的重要标志。就煤铁关系而言,冶炼钢铁一方面需用焦炭做原料,一方面需要耗费大量电力,而当时电力的原料几乎全部依赖煤炭。煤炭与钢铁是相互依存、相互促进的关系。二者合在一起可以产生集聚效益,延长产业链条,并引发社会经济一系列的变革。汉冶萍公司作为中国近代史上第一家跨省、跨行业的大型企业,经过艰难的摸索和曲折的实践,实现了煤铁联营,取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益,为中国不同行业的工业企业走联营的道路进行了有益的尝试,提供了可贵的经验。

Since ancient times,coal and iron have been important nonrenewable mineral resources which are closely related to the national economy find peopled livelihood. And in modem China,the emergence of mech-anized production of cosd mines find iron mines is ￡in importfint symbol of industrifdization. Smelting steel con-sumes both coal and electricity, and at that time,almost all electricity was generated by burning coal. There- fore,coal and steel are inter - dependent and mutually promoted. The combination of the two can produce ag-glomeration benefits,extend the industrial chain,and trigger a series of social and economic changes. As the first large inter - provincial and inter - industry enterprise in modem China, Hanyeping Corporation succee-ded in its joint operation of coal and iron after hard exploration and tortuous practice, and achieved great eco-nomic and social benefits. The practice of Hanyeping Corporation can be a reference for other enterprises from different industries to adopt joint operation in China.