广义历史唯物主义的空间隐喻与逻辑生成——《德意志意识形态》“费尔巴哈”章解读

The Spatial Metaphor and Logical Creation of General Historical Materialism: Interpretation of Chapter I“Feuerbach”of German Ideology

在《德意志意识形态》所阐释的广义历史唯物主义的思想体系中,从"现实的人"的物质生产以致由此形成的具体生产方式,从不同生产方式所决定的交往形式和交往关系以致由此形成的市民社会,"现实的人"作为历史的主体,不断进行着空间意义的生产。但在私有制条件下,异化的分工和劳动,物象化的人的交往(形式)关系所形成的共同体,被马克思恩格斯指认为"虚幻的共同体"。为了消灭异化的空间,无产阶级需要作为世界历史意义的整体存在实现"个人的联合",最终实现共产主义,从而释放人的自我解放的全部空间意义。透过这一系列隐喻性的空间话语,广义历史唯物主义展现了从空间生产、空间异化到空间解放的"肯定-否定-否定之否定"的空间辩证法逻辑。

In the ideological system of general historical materialism,'Actual Man ', as the subject of history,produces the space continuously. To be specific,people's material production forms the mode of production which determines the interpersonal communication form and relationships. And then different forms of communication and relationships construct the civil society. Under the condition of private ownership, due to the alienation of labor, the community formed by material human communicative relationship is regarded as illusory community by Marx and Engels. In order to eliminate the dissimulated space,proletariat should be united to realize communism finally. From spatial production, spatial alienation to spatial liberation, general historical materialism embodies a dialectical logic that is'affirmationnegation-negation of negation'.