水库移民贫困成因与反贫困策略:基于文献的讨论

The Causes of Poverty and Anti-Poverty Strategy of Reservoir Migrants: A Literature-Based Discussion

水库移民贫困威胁社会的稳定与发展,尤其是介入性贫困,它是诱发社会矛盾与冲突的导火索。文章系统梳理了水库移民贫困成因及反贫困策略的相关研究,认为水库移民生计遭到破坏、贫困移民的文化贫困和观念落后、"以失定补"补偿方式的局限、水库移民存在权利贫困等是水库移民贫困的主要成因,政府部门、水库移民社区、水库移民自身以及其他社会资源的有效配合可以缓解水库移民贫困。但既有研究对如何精准化扶持贫困移民研究较少,鲜见将水库移民社区发展与扶贫结合起来、水库移民社区社会关系网络对精准识别移民贫困户以及水库移民社区发展对减贫作用等方面的研究。未来研究应更多地探讨水库移民社区发展、水库移民自身能力发展、非营利性组织等其他社会资源对水库移民减贫的作用,特别是探讨政府部门如何解决已安置的水库移民的贫困问题、如何完善水库移民补偿与征地政策以及如何实现在水库移民搬迁安置时就能够解决贫困问题,使"介入性贫困"不发生或尽量减少。

The poverty of reservoir migrants especially the interventional poverty threatens the stability and development of the society and induces social contradiction and conflict. Based on the systematical review of the causes of poverty and the anti- poverty strategy of the reservoir migrants,the paper thinks that the main reasons for the poverty of reservoir migrants are the following ones: the destroyed livelihood of reservoir migrants,cultural poverty and backward concepts,the limitation of the compensation method, namely compensating for the loss, reservoir migrants' impoverished rights etc. The effective coordination of government departments, reservoir resettlement communities,reservoir migrants themselves and other social resources can alleviate the poverty of reservoir migrants.However,very little systematic research has been conducted in terms of targeted poverty alleviation and very little research focusing on the relationship between reservoir resettlement community and poverty alleviation,the function of social relation network in accurately identifying the poor households and the impact of reservoir resettlement community development on poverty reduction. Future research aims at the functions of the development of reservoir resettlement community,the ability development of reservoir migrants,non-profit organizations and other social resources on poverty reduction. In particular, the government departments should center on the following three issues: solving the poverty of reservoir migrants who have been placed in the migrant allocation areas,improving the compensation and land acquisition policy of reservoir migrants and solving the poverty of reservoir migrants in the process of resettlement. Then, it is possible to avoid interventional poverty.