农村沼气工程能源消耗及环境影响的LCA分析

On LCA Analysis of Environmental Impact and Energy Consumption of Biogas Project in Rural Areas of China

能源短缺和环境污染已经成为我国经济发展主要面对的问题;以沼气工程为代表的生物质能源开发和应用在解决能源压力和环境污染的过程中具有较大的潜力;然而,近年来,沼气工程的开发应用存在较大问题.运用生命周期分析方法,对沼气制造及使用整个过程的全生命周期进行建模仿真,通过对能源积累需求算法综合评价生命周期内的各重要流程能源消耗情况进行计算,同时对整个过程所有排放进行温室效应和水土富养化等环境影响进行评价.根据评价结果,得出我国农村沼气工程发展的可行路径分别为多种原料组合策略路径和大型沼气工程区域化路径.

Energy shortage and environment pollution have already became one of the most serious problems for economy in China.Biogas project,one of biomass projects,shows its potentiality during the development.However,biogas project causes new problems due to insufficient utilization.A LCA model has been applied in the paper to evaluate from a cradle-to-gaze approach the environmental impacts and energy consumption of biogas system in rural areas of China.Specific objectives include the identification of the most critical stages（environmental hotspots）in the system in order to identify opportunities to attain environmental benefits.This study shows that,firstly,in bio-materials transporting and waste managing sessions,more fossil resources are consumed which will provide an idea of re-evaluating transportation pathway in future pathway designing;and secondly,as for environmental impact,those two sessions mentioned above are devoting more environmental pollution than other sessions.In future pathway designing,methods of multi-materials strategy and regional biogas project strategy should be taken into account.